【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforIdentificationandClassificationofDispersiveClaySoilsbythePinholeTest
【原文标准名称】:用针孔试验做分散粘土识别和分类的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD4647-2006e1
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2006
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D18.06
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:clay;clay(dispersive);collodialerodibility;dispersibility;dispersivity;dispersion;dispersiveclays;erosion;pinhole;soils;Earthwork;Flowandflowrate--soil/rock/relatedmaterials;Nondispersiveclaysoil;Pinholetest;Propertydamage/
【摘要】:Thepinholetestprovidesonemethodofidentifyingthedispersivecharacteristicsofclaysoilsthataretobeorhavebeenusedinearthconstruction.Thepipingfailuresofanumberofhomogeneousearthdams,erosionalongchannelorcanalbanks,andrainfallerosionofearthenstructureshavebeenattributedtothecolloidalerosionalongcracksorotherflowchannelsformedinmassesofdispersiveclay(2).Thistestmethodmodelstheactionofwaterflowingalongacrackinanearthembankment.Otherindirecttests,suchasthedoublehydrometertest(TestMethodD4221),thecrumbtest(3,4),thatrelatestheturbidityofacloudofsuspendedclaycolloidsasanindicatoroftheclaydispersivity,andchemicalteststhatrelatethepercentageofsodiumtototalsolublesaltcontentofthesoilarealsousedasindicatortestsofclaydispersibility(2).Thecomparisonofresultsfromthepinholetestandotherindirecttestsonhundredsofsamplesindicatesthattheresultsofthepinholetesthavethebestcorrelationwiththeerosionalperformanceofclaysoilsinnature.MethodAandMethodCofthepinholetestrequiretheevaluationofcloudinessofeffluent,finalsizeofthepinhole,andcomputationofflowratesthroughthepinholeinordertoclassifythedispersivecharacteristicsofthesoil.MethodBrequiresonlytheevaluationofthecloudinessofeffluentandfinalsizeofthepinholetoclassifythedispersivecharacteristicsofthesoil.ThecomputationofflowratesthroughthepinholeinMethodAservesprimarilyasaguidetotheproperequipmentandspecimenperformanceundersequentialpressuresappliedduringthetest.Allmethodsproducesimilarresultsandanymethodcanbeusedtoidentifydispersiveclays.TheuseofMethodAorMethodCresultsintheaccumulationofdatarelativetosequentialflowratesthroughthepinholeandconsequentenlargementorerosionofthehole.Thepinholeerosiontestwasdevelopedforthepurposeofidentifyingdispersivesoilsandisnotintendedtobeageometricallyscaledmodelofaprototypestructure.Sincethetheoryofsimilitudewasnotusedinthedesignofthepinholetest,quantitativedataarenotobtained.Thequantityofflowthroughthepinhole,amountofsoilerosion,ortherateofsoilerosionshouldnotbeextrapolatedtoactualfieldconditions(3).However,suchdatamaybeusefulinperformingqualitativeevaluationsoftheconsequencesofsucherosionintermsofdamfailure,lossoflifeandproperty.Theyalsomaybeusedinconsideringthecosteffectivenessofdefensivedesignmeasuresnecessarytominimizetheeffectsoffailureduetodispersiveclays.Forexample,theamountofcolloidalerosionthatwilloccurinasoilclassedasND2(veryslightlydispersive)willbeverysmallforarelativelylongperiodoftime.Sucherosionmaynotbesignificantinevaluatingthecost-benefitrelationshipsinprojectswherepublicsafetyisnotinvolvedorwherenormalmaintenanceprocedureswillhandletheproblem.Insuchcases,classifyingthesoilasND(nondispersive)usingMethodBofthepinholetestshouldbeadequate.Pinholeteststhatresultinclassifyingsoilasslightlydispersive(ND3byMethodAorMethodCorSDbyMethodB)indicatehighuncertaintyabouttheexistenceofsignificantproblemstobeconsideredinthedesignorstabilityofastructure.Insuchcases,itisadvisabletoresampleandtestanumberofothersoilsfromthesameareatogenerateanadequatestatisticalsampleforproblemevaluation.Theoriginalslightlydispersivesamplemaycomefromanareaontheedgeofamorehighlydispersivesoil.Inafewphysiographicareasorgeoclimaticconditions,orboth,neitherthepinhole......
【中国标准分类号】:P21
【国际标准分类号】:93_020
【页数】:11P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
基本信息
| 标准名称： | 铁路通信站用交流配电设备 |
| 中标分类： |
铁路 >>
铁路信号 >>
铁路信号综合 |
| 替代情况： | TB 1341-1985 |
| 发布日期： | 2000-03-29 |
| 实施日期： | 2000-11-01 |
| 首发日期： | |
| 作废日期： | |
| 出版日期： | |
| 页数： | 19页 |
适用范围
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前言
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引用标准
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所属分类： 铁路 铁路信号 铁路信号综合